In our parasha we learn the laws of bringing the first fruits to the Temple. In it we are taught that they should be brought in a טנא - a basket - which is taken by the cohen along with the fruits. We hear no details of the basket type, however.
1) דברים פרשת כי תבוא פרק כו
Deuteronomy Chapter 26
(3) Then you will come to the cohen that will be in those days and say to him, “I profess today to Hashem your God since I have arrived at the land that Hashem swore to our ancestors to give to us.
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(ג) וּבָאתָ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם וְאָמַרְתָּ אֵלָיו הִגַּדְתִּי הַיּוֹם לַיקֹוָק אֱלֹהֶיךָ כִּי־בָאתִי אֶל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּע יְקֹוָק לַאֲבֹתֵינוּ לָתֶת לָנוּ:
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(4) Then the cohen will take the basket from your hand and place it before the altar of Hashem your God.
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(ד) וְלָקַח הַכֹּהֵן הַטֶּנֶא מִיָּדֶךָ וְהִנִּיחוֹ לִפְנֵי מִזְבַּח יְקֹוָק אֱלֹהֶיךָ:
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The Sifrei tells us that people brought baskets according to their wealth and the baskets were part of the present to the cohen. This seems to create a rather unfair and potentially embarrassing system, however, if you cannot afford a silver or gold basket.
2) ספרי דברים פרשת כי תבוא פיסקא ש
Sifrei D’varim, Parashat Ki Tavo, Piska 300
Then the cohen will take the basket from your hand. From here they said that the rich bring their first fruits in vases of silver and gold and the poor bring them in wicker baskets of peeled willow.
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ולקח הכהן הטנא מידך, מיכן אמרו העשירים מביאים בכוריהם בקלתות של כסף ושל זהב והעניים מביאים בסלי נצרים של ערבה קלופה
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And the baskets and the first fruits were given to the cohanim in order to increase the give to the cohanim.
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והסלים והבכורים ניתנים לכהנים בשביל לרבות מתנה לכהנים.
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In contrasts, the Talmud relates several activities around death and mourning where there was originally a divide between rich and poor but led to a decree where everyone should act like the poor in order to not embarrass the poor. Cases five, six, and seven involve people other than the poor but other people in embarrassing states (even if they are natural), for whom we change funeral or post-funeral practices to avoid embarrassment.
3) תלמוד בבלי מסכת מועד קטן דף כז עמוד א
Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Mo’ed Katan 27a
Our Rabbis taught: Originally, they would bring [food] to a house of mourning. For the rich, in vases of silver and gold. For the poor, in wicker baskets of peeled willow. But the poor were ashamed. They decreed that all should bring in wicker baskets of peeled willow due to the honor of the poor.
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תנו רבנן: בראשונה היו מוליכין בבית האבל, עשירים - בקלתות של כסף ושל זהב, ועניים - בסלי נצרים של ערבה קלופה. והיו עניים מתביישים, התקינו שיהו הכל מביאין בסלי נצרים של ערבה קלופה, מפני כבודן של עניים.
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Our Rabbis taught: Originally they would serve drinks in a house of mourning. For the rich, in white glass. For the poor, in colored glass. But the poor were ashamed. They decreed that all would serve drinks in colored glass due to the honor of the poor.
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תנו רבנן: בראשונה היו משקין בבית האבל, עשירים - בזכוכית לבנה, ועניים בזכוכית צבועה, והיו עניים מתביישין. התקינו שיהו הכל משקין בזכוכית צבועה, מפני כבודן של עניים.
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Originally they would reveal the faces of the rich and cover the faces of the poor since their faces were blackened due to drought. But the poor were ashamed. They established that they should cover everyone’s face due to the honor of the poor.
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בראשונה היו מגלין פני עשירים ומכסין פני עניים, מפני שהיו מושחרין פניהן מפני בצורת, והיו עניים מתביישין. התקינו שיהו מכסין פני הכל, מפני כבודן של עניים.
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Originally they would take out the rich on a state bed and the poor in a box. But the poor were ashamed. They decreed that all would take out everyone in a box due to the honor of the poor.
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בראשונה היו מוציאין עשירים בדרגש, ועניים בכליכה, והיו עניים מתביישין, התקינו שיהו הכל מוציאין בכליכה, מפני כבודן של עניים.
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Originally they would place perfumed coals under those who died from intestinal illness. But those living with intestinal sickness were ashamed. They decreed that they would place them under everyone due to the honor of those living with intestinal illness.
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בראשונה היו מניחין את המוגמר תחת חולי מעים מתים, והיו חולי מעים חיים מתביישין, התקינו שיהו מניחין תחת הכל, מפני כבודן של חולי מעים חיים.
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Originally they would immerse vessels due to dead menstruants. But the living menstruants were ashamed. They decreed that they should immerse [vessels] for all women due to the honor of the living menstruants.
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בראשונה היו מטבילין את הכלים על גבי נדות מתות, והיו נדות חיות מתביישות, התקינו שיהו מטבילין על גבי כל הנשים, מפני כבודן של נדות חיות.
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Originally they would immerse due to the dead with pathological penile emissions, but the living with pathological penile emissions were ashamed. They established that they should immerse for all due to the honor of those with pathological penile emissions.
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בראשונה מטבילין על גבי זבין מתים, והיו זבין חיים מתביישין. התקינו שיהו מטבילין על גב הכל, מפני כבודן של זבין חיים.
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Originally taking out the dead was more difficult for his relatives than his death to the point that his relatives would leave him and flee. Until Rabban Gamliel came and acted beneath his dignity and went out in flax garments. The nation after him were accustomed to go out in flax garments. Said Rav Papa, “These days it is a custom of the world [to go out] in rough cloth worth a zuz.”
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בראשונה היתה הוצאת המת קשה לקרוביו יותר ממיתתו, עד שהיו קרוביו מניחין אותו ובורחין. עד שבא רבן גמליאל ונהג קלות ראש בעצמו ויצא בכלי פשתן, ונהגו העם אחריו לצאת בכלי פשתן. אמר רב פפא: והאידנא נהוג עלמא אפילו בצרדא בר זוזא.
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From the Talmud above one might derive that we make everyone act like the poor to avoid embarrassment around funerals, but perhaps this is limited to death where maybe there is even more embarrassment than usual. However, the Meiri below disagrees and understands that this is paradigmatic of life in general.
4) בית הבחירה למאירי מסכת מועד קטן דף כז עמוד א
Beit Ha’Bechira of the Meiri, Tractate Mo’ed Katan, 27a
Menachem Meiri 13th and 14th Centuries Catalonia
A person should always be careful that the poor or any other person should not be ashamed by his actions. And the rich should make themselves equal to the poor so as to not shame one who does not have.
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לעולם יהא אדם זהיר שלא להיות עניים או שאר בני אדם מתביישים מתוך מעשיו ויהיו העשירי' משוים עצמם לעניים שלא לבייש את מי שאין לו:
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Our Sifrei about the bringing of the first fruits is reflected in the Mishna.
5) משנה מסכת ביכורים פרק ג, משנה ח
Mishnah, Tractate Bikurim, Chapter 3, Mishnah 8
The rich bring their first fruits in vases of silver and gold and the poor bring them in wicker baskets of peeled willow. And the baskets and the first fruits are given to the cohen.
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העשירים מביאים בכוריהם בקלתות של כסף ושל זהב והעניים מביאין אותם בסלי נצרים של ערבה קלופה והסלים והבכורים ניתנין לכהנים:
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Concerning this, Rav Ovadiah, based on the Rambam based on Bava Kamma 92a, makes the contrast more stark. Not only did the rich bring their fruits in nicer baskets, they got them back (presumably because they were so nice), so the rich remained rich and the poor lost more money because they lost their wicker baskets.
6) ר' עובדיה מברטנורא שם
Rav Ovadiah of Bartenura on the above
Ovadiah Bartenura, 15th and 16th Centuries Italy
The baskets of the poor were given to the cohanim, but the vases of the rich were returned to them. From here they say, “Poverty follows after the poor.”
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סלי עניים ניתנים לכהנים וקלתות של עשירים מחזירים להן מכאן אמרו בתר עניא אזלא עניותא:
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The Tos’fot Yom Tov asks why the law about first fruits is different than those we saw around death and mourning. Why not decree everyone use wicker baskets? He comments that in the case of first fruits the honor of God is involved and that trumps the embarrassment of the poor.
7) תוספות יום טוב מסכת ביכורים פרק ג
Tos’fot Yom Tov, Tactate Bikurim, Chapter 3
Yom Tov Lipmann Heller, 16th and 17th Centuries Bohemia
According to HaRav Bartenura, the baskets of the poor are given to the cohanim and the vases of the rich are returned to them. From here they say that poverty follows after the poor.
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ל' הר"ב סלי עניים נתנים לכהנים וקלתות של עשירים מחזירים להם מכאן אמרו בתר עניא אזלא עניותא.
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And this is difficult to me. For if so the poor will be ashamed. And why did they not establish in the manner that they established for women who died to immerse all vessels, etc., so that the living menstruant women would not be ashamed?
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וקשיא לי דאי הכי עניים מתביישים ולמה לא תקנו כדרך שתקנו בנשים המתות להטביל כל הכלים וכו' כדי שלא יתביישו המתות [החייות?] נדות...
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And one can say that due to the honor of the house of our God and His ministers they were not concerned that the poor would be ashamed.
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וי"ל דמשום כבוד בית אלהינו ומשרתיו לא חשו על שיתביישו העניים.
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The Daf al HaDaf gives an explanation based on the Me’il Tz’dakah (Yonah Landsofer, 17th and 18th Centuries Bohemia). First, he explains the Gemara about bringing food for the mourners may be explained in two ways. The first, which is how we have explained it so far, is that the people bringing vases or baskets are the rich and poor and the status of the mourner is irrelevant. The other way to explain it is that to rich mourners they brought silver and gold vases of fruit and to poor mourners they brought wicker baskets.
The Me’il Tz’dakah gives two possible reconciliations between the house of mourning and the first fruits. The first, which works with either explanation of the Gemara, uses a verse from the Song at the Sea to tell us we are more worried about beautifying God than the embarrassment of the poor, so cases involving the Temple have a different status.
His second explanation only works if we assume the rich or poor are receiving the vases/baskets. In the case of the first fruits, rich or poor they made their decision which basket to bring. He might be implying even the poor should choose to bring nice baskets which has its own issues.
8) דף על הדף מועד קטן דף כז עמוד א
Daf al HaDaf, Moed Katan, 27a
David Mendelbaum, et al, 20th Century Israel
See the Me’il Tz’dakah who wrote that it is possible to explain that the “rich” refers to the mourners. That people were accustomed to bring [food] to the rich in vases of gold and silver. Or one can explain that the “rich” were the ones bringing the food.
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עי' במעיל צדקה (אות ת"ס) שכתב, דאפשר לפרש, דעשירים על האבלים קאי דהיו נוהגין להביא לעשירים בקלתות של זהב וכסף, או יש לפרש, דעשירים היינו המביאין את האוכל.
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And see there in the Me’il Tz’dakah who challenged: What is the difference between here that they decreed all should bring wicker baskets and in Bikkurim that the rich brought their first fruits in vases of silver and gold and the poor in wicker baskets of willow? And they were not concerned with the degradation of the poor [and so too challenged the Tos’fot Yom Tov in Bikkurim]?
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וע"ש במעיל צדקה שהקשה, מאי שנא דהכא תיקנו שיהיו הכל מביאין בסלי נצרים ומאי שנא בביכורים (פ"ג מ"ח) שהעשירים מביאין ביכוריהם בקלתות של כסף וזהב והעניים בסלי נצרים של ערבה ולא חששו לבזיון של עניים. [וכן הקשה התוי"ט בביכורים].
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And he answered that regarding the first fruits they did not want to decree that all would bring willow baskets because of, “This is my God, I will adorn him,” (Exodus 15:2). [The Tos’fot Yom Tov answered similarly there.]
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ותירץ דבביכורים לא רצו לתקן שכולם יביאו בסלי ערבה משום זה קלי ואנוהו (שמות טו:ב) [וכעין זה תירץ התוי"ט שם].
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Further, he answered that for the first fruits there was no degradation for the poor, for of themselves and their own will they brought willow baskets. This is not the case here [regarding funerals] that they are embarrassed from others.
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עוד תירץ דבביכורים לא היה בזיון לעניים, שמעצמם ומרצונם הביאו בסלי ערבה, משא"כ כאן שמתביישים מאחרים.
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However, if we explain the Gemara here that the “rich” and the “poor” refer to the ones bringing, one cannot explain as such.
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מיהו אם נפרש בגמ' כאן דעשירים ועניים על המביאים קאי א"א לתרץ כן.
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The Torah Temimah gives us two other possibilities. One is that the poor actually made their baskets from the first fruits (in a great conservation of resources) so they were required to give them to the cohanim. The second is that the baskets of the poor were of so little value it did not even matter to the poor to part with them.
9) תורה תמימה הערות דברים פרק כו
Torah Temimah, Notes on Deuteronomy Chapter 26
Barukh HaLevi Epstein, 19th and 20th Centuries Lithuania
But here it is not explained the reason for the matter or the logic in this: why does he [the cohen] receive [the basket] on from the poor?
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והנה לא נתבאר טעם הדבר והסברא בזה, למה מקבל רק מעניים,
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And it is possible to say that since the poor make the basket[s] from types of produce and leaves - as is explained in this [mishna] - the basket itself is from the fruit of the earth. That is to say that in general it is from the first fruits.
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ואפשר לומר דכיון דהעניים עושין את הטנא ממיני צמחים וענפים כמבואר בזה הוי הטנא גופא מכלל פרי האדמה, כלומר מכלל מין הבכורים,
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Therefore, in the cohen’s accepting the first fruits it also includes the basket, for it is also woven from types of first fruits.
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ולכן בקבלת הכהן את הבכורים כולל גם את הטנא שגם הוא סניף ממין הבכורים,
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Further, this is not a recognizable loss for them since they themselves wove it from types of plants and there is no need or great value to them in this. This is not the case of those of the rich which were of silver and gold. As explained before, this has no connection to types of first fruits and there is a large loss in disposing of them. Therefore the cohen returns them.
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וגם אין זה הפסד ניכר להם כיון דבעצמם קלעו אותה ממיני צמחים ואין צורך ושווי נמרץ להם בכאלה, משא"כ של עשירים היו של כסף וזהב כמבואר לפנינו אין זה שייכות כלל למין הבכורים, וגם יש הפסד מרובה בהעדרם, ולכן מחזירם הכהן.
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